International Norms as Emergent Properties of Complex Adaptive Systems

Abstract This theory note argues that international norms, as currently understood by scholars of relations, can be seen emergent properties a complex adaptive system (the political system). Arising from the microlevel interactions agents within and across various levels analysis, they have potential to become (a) influence constitution, relationships, behavior (b) are not analytically reducible sum between those agents. They also exhibit evolutionary dynamics common complex, rather than merely complicated, systems. Thinking norms in this manner helps point toward particular spaces methodologies research. After brief resume complexity IR, proceeds with an introduction systems theory. It then explores conceptual nexus complexity. finishes suggesting ways which understanding phenomena might research more broadly.